Linking words help us to connect ideas and sentences. We can use linking words to give examples, add and order information, summarize, give a reason or result, or to contrast ideas.
Sometimes we need to link two ideas in a way that shows a cause and effect relationship between them.
Look at the following example:
The first part of the sentence, ‘I was late to work today’, tells us what happened. The second part of the sentence, ‘because I missed the bus’, tells us why it happened.
The linking word ‘because’ in this sentence shows cause and effect. The cause is WHY it happens. The effect is WHAT happens.
Let’s look more closely at some cause and effect linking words. Some common cause and effect linking words are ‘because’, ‘since’, ‘as’ and ‘so’.
‘Because’, ‘since’, and ‘as’ show cause.
‘Because it was raining’ is the cause. It is why the game was cancelled.
Here are a few more examples.
‘So’, on the other hand, shows effect.
This is almost the same as the earlier sentence, but we use the word ‘so’ to talk about the effect: the game was cancelled.
Some other words we can use to talk about effect are ‘therefore’ and ‘consequently’.
Note: ‘Therefore’ and ‘consequently’ either start a new sentence, or they are preceded by the words ‘and’ or ‘so’. ‘So’, on the other hand, cannot start a new sentence and does not need any words before it. |
‘Because of’, ‘due to’, and ‘owing to’ are linking words that also show cause, but they must be followed by a noun instead of a verb phrase.
Here, we use a noun, the rain, after the linking words ‘because of’. ‘Due to’ and ‘owing to’ are used the same way.
We can also use ‘so + an adjective + that’ to create cause and effect:
In this sentence, ‘I was tired’ is the cause and ‘I fell asleep on the bus’ is the effect.
We can also use a quantifier and a noun instead of an adjective to create a sentence in the same way:
We can also use ‘such + an adjective + a noun + that’ to create cause and effect.
‘She is a beautiful woman’ is the cause in this sentence; ‘everyone she meets falls in love with her’ is the effect.
‘This is a good recipe’ is the cause; ‘my grandma refuses to share it’ is the effect.
Here’s a good video from Anglo-Link explaining the types and uses of linking words of cause and effect:
See also:
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