Categories: Modal Verbs

Modal Verbs for Obligations: Statements

When we want to express permission, prohibition (not allowing something), obligation or no obligation, we use modal verbs.

When talking about obligations (what you have to do), we use the modal verbs ‘have to’ and ‘must’. There is a slight difference between the way they are used.

  • She must stay in bed until her back is better.
  • George has to go to New York on business.
Note: To express a mild obligation or advice, we can use ‘should‘.

– You should visit your grandma.

To express a recommendation or moral obligation, we can use ‘ought to’:

– You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.

Remember that modal verbs are always followed by a base form of a verb – an infinitive verb without to.

Must

The verb ‘must‘ expresses stronger and shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker. It isn’t a law or a rule.

  • I must stop smoking. (I really need to)
  • I must call my dad tonight.
  • You must come and visit us the next time you come here.

We form positive statements with ‘must’ like this:

subject + must + the verb

SingularPlural
I must go
You must go
We/she/it must go
We must go
You must go
They must go
  • I must call my sister this evening.
  • All visitors must go to the reception first.

Have to

The verb ‘have to‘ expresses an obligation due to circumstances or outside factors (e.g. laws, agreements, other people’s orders, etc.). It’s a law or a rule and the speaker can’t change it.

  • I have to stop smoking. (doctor’s orders)

We form positive statements with ‘have to’ like this:

 subject + have/has to + the verb

SingularPlural
I have to go
You have to go
He/she/it has to go
We have to go
You have to go
They have to go
  • We have to wait here for a taxi.
  • Mary has to start work at 8am.

Must vs Have to

Here’s a summary of differences between ‘must’ and ‘have to’:

Watch this video from Oxford Online English to learn how to use ‘must’, ‘have to’ and ‘should’ correctly:

Talking about obligation in the past

There is no past form of ‘must‘, so to talk about obligation in the past we use ‘had to‘.

had to + base form of the verb

  • had to work late last night.

Talking about obligation in the future

There is no future form of ‘must so we use ‘have to‘:

will have to + base form of the verb

  • will have to work late last night.

Read more on this topic:

Modal Verbs for Obligations: Negative and Questions

Modal Verbs for Suggestion and Advice

Modal Verbs for Necessity (‘Need’)

grammartop

Share
Published by
grammartop

Recent Posts

BRAG: Synonyms and Related Words. What is Another Word for BRAG?

The synonyms and related words of "Brag" are: blow, bluster, boast, gas, gasconade, shoot a…

3 years ago

PIERCE: Synonyms and Related Words. What is Another Word for PIERCE?

The synonyms and related words of "Pierce" are: thrust, make a hole in, penetrate, puncture,…

3 years ago

WEARY: Synonyms and Related Words. What is Another Word for WEARY?

The synonyms and related words of "Weary" are: aweary, tired, tired out, exhausted, fatigued, overtired,…

3 years ago

KICK: Synonyms and Related Words. What is Another Word for KICK?

The synonyms and related words of "Kick" are: complain, kvetch, plain, quetch, sound off, give…

3 years ago

USELESS: Synonyms and Related Words. What is Another Word for USELESS?

The synonyms and related words of "Useless" are: futile, pointless, purposeless, impractical, vain, in vain,…

3 years ago

90+ Adjectives That Start with J: a List of Words with Explanation and Examples

Want to describe something with adjectives that start with 'J'? Though they are not numerous,…

3 years ago